First, how globalization engenders greater religious tolerance across areas such as politics, economics, and society. Analysis must cautiously distinguish between globalizing religions in global conditions, the impact of globalization on religions, and the role of religions in the rise and the shaping of global (economic, political or ideological) forces. Globalization has played a tremendous role in providing a context for the current considerable revival and the resurgence of religion. Even the youth are running after money and enjoyments rather than ideals. The Role Of Religion In Globalization. On the other hand, however, globalization plays important role in making many religions more materialistic or become obsolete. For the third- world countries it is the modern version of "colonization." Globalization is leading to cultural homogeneity. The Globalization of Religion. Economic globalisation has involved increasing rationalisation and differentiation, both of which seem to undermine the role of religion in societies. Globalization provided religions a fertile milieu to spread and thrive. Templeton Lecture on Religion and World Affairs. Second, that as globalization does so, it also disrupts traditional communities, causes economic marginalization, and brings individuals mental stress, all … The Role of Religion in Australian Globalization The attacks in 9/11 were directly linked to the religious group of Islam radicals known as Al-Qaeda, whose ideals were not in line with the globalization of the Western culture. Certainly, religion played an important role in the development and the ongoing support of democratic principles. He is a parish priest of the Indian Orthodox Syrian Church in Kuwait. People should be encouraged to use the potential resources of religion. It is time too for us to become globally "proactive.". TV evangelists can now be heard by any number of people in any part of the world. In studying globalization, one major factor that always tends to be present is the role of religion. They can give life its meaning and goal and restore human dignity. They can establish the fact that it is God who rules the world, not a few business corporations and the governments that support them. As a system, it makes no distinction between a sacred or secular sphere; it is all-pervasive. Undoubtedly, religion played a part in shaping cities/regions, however, it should not take credit for single-handedly unifying forces. Religions should take the lead in fostering universal fraternity. Economic globalisation has involved increasing rationalisation and differentiation, both of which seem to undermine the role of religion in societies. Taino Religion. This article examines the relationship between religious cultures and the forces of globalization. What is the role of religions? At this critical juncture the religions should show the way. Self-actualisation or self-fulfillment is the goal of all religions. In third world nations, where the vulnerable sections find themselves more marginalised by the forces of globalisation, religion takes a prime welfare role and acts as a cultural protector for these sections. This results in one of two outcomes: 1. We have to examine the process of globalization critically. These apparent 'losers' are increasingly anxious about their standards of living and their precarious place in an integrated world economy." Peter Beyer has been a central figure in the debate about religion and globalization for many years, this volume brings together some of his key essays which together focus on the form and role of religion in the context of globalization. On the other hand, however, globalization plays important role in making many religions more materialistic or become obsolete. A reviewer of the book by Dani Rodrik, a professor of International Political Economy at Harvard, Has Globalization Gone Too Far? Globalization has lost to religion and if anything, it is clearly helping the world become more religious. The modernist perspective has had a particular and peculiar view of secularization. Certainly, religion played an important role in the development and the ongoing support of democratic principles. Religion’s role in the daily conduct of the resulting confrontation was minor at most. The Modernist Perspective. In the past the "West" used to send missionaries to the "East". "... and all those problems are intensified by the sense of inferiority and self-hate that arises in people who don't look like the svelte, blonde actors ... who can't buy all the lovely goods featured in the globalized market place of Benetton" (Jay Walljasper, 1996). They can help people to adopt a simple life style and minimize their wants. It is in the realm of culture that globalization is most visible and apparent. Module 4 The Globalization of Religion Globalization has played tremendous role in providing a context for the current revival and the resurgence of religion. Some religious actors play and have played a role in driving globalization for centuries, a fact made more obvious when the economic-centric approach to defining religion has been dismissed. Religions are not a problem. People from the rest of the world are unwilling to identify modernization with westernization. They can bring any nation to its knees if it fails to follow their norms. “Globalization passes through religions, and religions are within globalization,” he says. They are the concerns of all nations, all religions and all institutions of humankind. Gone are they days of exclusivism, antagonism and rivalry. role of religion in society vis-à-vis other systems (political and economic), the role of religion in individual lives (beliefs, practices and values) and the re-assertion of religion in political life. The role of religion is to allocate values, through spirituality, promote good life in this world and in the next world, and interpret values through the divine or documented scriptures. The "Christian West" and "non-Christian East" no longer exist. Globalization also enables religious groups and civil societies around the world to connect and cooperate as a global force in challenging greedy corporate capitalism. Religion is a spiritual establishment that symbolizes a given cultural stand that unites a given group of people that believe in it. Riches are taken as the sign of God's blessing, and poverty and sufferings as the result of his curse. The world is now full of products, images and ideas like Madonna, rap music or Hollywood films, which are shown as "global popular" almost to the extinction of distinctive native forms of culture and entertainment. Globalization can be seen as having gone on for centuries and it is bound with capitalist modernity and the expansion of the capitalist system. Even though religion has played an important role in connecting societies with a given spiritual understanding, it has also acted as a potential tool for psychological therapy (Juergensmeyer, 2005). Globalization and Religion James Davidson Axia College Globalization and Religion In today's world of continuous growth and expansion, the lines of religious borders are becoming blurred. In studying globalization, one major factor that always tends to be present is the role of religion. Over time, the religious landscape has drastically changed. The Arabian Middle East cannot be considered to be the largest Islamic concentration in the world. The tendency of fragmentation is as strong as that of globalization. This research on the subject of the relationship between religion and globalization began with the assumption that all religion is adverse and detrimental to secular globalization. In fact, everything that is connected with human beings should be the concern of the religions. This is in accordance with the pragmatic approach of globalization in which a thing has value only if it has any utility. Everywhere in the world we see the emergence of youth, women, ethnic minorities and other groups who refuse to be engulfed by the hegemonic mainstream culture. Beginning with the Enlightenment, modernists have entertained the prospect that all sec… Implications of competitiveness cannot be measured. Religion, have, in fact, spread and scattered on a global scale. The religion of globalization is constituted by a god, a faith, religious leadership, a trinity of religious institutions, a theological anthropology, values, and a theology. We should take a holistic and multi-disciplinary approach in this regard. It is not an anthropocentric, but a cosmotheandric understanding of the reality that can save the world. All over the world the demand to sustain the identity of one's race, gender, sexual preference, ethnicity, region, nation and religion are getting stronger. They cannot be controlled by any national governments, individually nor collectively. It has immense effects on the culture and values of life in each place. The problems and challenges have to be faced by all. On the ideological philosophical level a wide range of "theories associated with post-structuralism, post-modernism, feminism, and multi-culturalism focuses on difference, otherness, marginality, the personal, the particular, and the concrete over more general theory and politics that aim at more global or universal conditions" (Douglas Kellner, 1997). Dani Rodrik says "... social disintegration is not a spectator sport -- those on the sidelines also get splashed with mud from the field. For solving the problems faced by the world, not only religions but all human institutions should work together. Thus the identity crisis can be settled. Fr Dr Abraham Oommen was the Assembly advisor to the Office on Interreligious Relations and served as the NCCI secretary for Unity, Fellowship and Dialogue. The modernist perspective will seem the most familiar. Unless it is ignored or rejected ... Mahjabeen Khaled in an article entitled Globalization and Religion presented We should identify the forces of resistance, encourage them and attempt to counteract the dangerous forces of globalization. Technology, within the scope of religious globalization, plays a major role in how and to whom the religion and its doctrine extends. Religions should act as the conscience of the world. Science, economics, politics and religions should stand together in eliminating these threats and building a new humanity. There is a rapidly spreading consumer culture initiated by multinational companies like McDonald's and Coca-Cola. Globalization also enables religious groups and civil societies around the world to connect and cooperate as a global force in challenging greedy corporate capitalism. Only religions can do this. They can remove the rising pessimism about the progress of humanity. Previously the slogan was "think globally and act locally." ‘religion as globalizer’ is to have any analytic force, it must be underpinned by a concept of religious conquest and encounter which involves more than massacres and the destruction of temples and idols, and by a concept of globalization rooted in con-temporary experience which, as sketched above, evokes not homogenization but rather I need not elaborate on the effect of globalization on the economies of the developing countries or even on some sectors of the developed countries. Religion became an integral part of colonization and later on globalization Religion has been a major feature in some historical conflicts and the most recent wave of modern terrorism. Such a question comes out of a narrow understanding of religion. It is more like the behavior of a multinational corporation's CEO (chief executive officer). All Rights Reserved. It first considers the distinction between teleological-homogenizing approaches to religious developments in modernity, which assume that secularization is inevitable, and those that emphasize cross-national variability and historical contingency. "New technologies are changing the nature of work and creating new forms of leisure, including the hyperreality of cyberspace, new virtual realities, and new modes of information and entertainment. A further theoretical approach to the role of religion and religions in globalization goes beyond the idea that religious worldviews and institutions have participated in the process. Religion and globalization share a strange and paradoxical, yet mutually reinforcing relationship. Some aspects of cultural globalisation, such as the growth of consumer culture seem to undermine religious values – with some churches being converted into homes and shops in the West. Ultimately, the deepening of social fissures can harm all." It is not an exaggeration to say that the world is now ruled by a handful of multinational corporations. Politicians who were the champions of GATT and NAFTA are now silent about these agreements. The following year in 2002, the Islamic organization Jemaah Islamiyah, an Indonesian-based terrorist group [1], detonated three bombs… If mankind has to see the new millennium cooperation is the only way. They can offer human beings hope in the midst of frustrations. "... not only that corporate powers control the world's traffic in microchips and millet, but also the flow of information, entertainment, culture, and basic ideas about what constitutes the good life" (Jay Walljasper, 1996). Module 13.2: Education as a Response to Religious Culture. The divisions among human beings -- "the haves and the have-nots" -- have taken new connotations: earlier they were mainly based on money and power; now they depend upon information and technology (the tools to control the world). Human civilization has never been without technology, and has relied upon the potential of technological advances in order to advance its own social branches. It views religion But now they have taken the back seat and let the trading companies take the lead. It, can be stated that human civilization at some point in history was without religion and had no purpose to create one. In certain sectors of society (e.g., the religious conservatives who provided much of Reagan’s electoral support), the Cold War took on the quality of a crusade against the godless “evil empire.” For the most part, though, it was a It has its pro and cons. Our Faith and Globalization initiative is an engagement with universities around the world to analyze the importance of religion in the interconnected world of the 21st century. (April 1997, ISBN 0-88132-243), has written "Globalization is exposing social fissures between those with education, skills, and mobility to flourish in an unfettered world market -- the apparent 'winners' and those without. The traditional religious geography has changed. As people and cultures move across the globe, as ideas are mobilized and transported by media technology, the religious globalization will go on and on. Their territory is spread throughout various islands in the Caribbean and some parts of Central America. How can globalization be a problem for the religions of the world? Erosion of human values, onslaught of materialism, spread of fantastic entertainment, etc., are the threats for every religious tradition. It is very evident to the discerning eyes of any human being. At one point, religions were strictly separated by geographical borders and money. It is not a homogenized global culture, but a multitude of local cultural preferences and values which can facilitate the transition from today's society to that of the third millennium. In sum, globalization - measured primarily in terms of economic liberalization and increased Even advanced societies are ill-equipped to hail the consequences of globalization. The jungle law of the survival of the fittest is coming back. Religions too are affected by these changes. Our destinies are interlinked. Issues of spirituality and religion are seldom discussed in the globalization context. The problems of globalization are of such magnitude that any one nation or institution cannot deal with them effectively. What is the role of religions? India is home to a massive rural population to whom the benefits of globalisation will take time to reach. Some aspects of cultural globalisation, such as the growth of consumer culture seem to undermine religious values – with some churches being converted into homes and shops in the West. Indeed a world market economy decimates throughout the planet fantasies of happiness through consumption and the goods and services that allow entry into the phantasmagoria of consumer capitalism" (Douglas Kellner 1998). People should cope with the flow of info and choose their own and peaceful way. Undoubtedly, religion played a part in shaping cities/regions, however, it should not take credit for being the force that single-handedly unified people of different faiths. The role of religion today is changing and shifting to try to adjust to a newly globalized world. Today, most religions are not relegated to the countries where they began. The desire for material progress has gripped the world. Global citizenship not only includes privileges but also responsibilities. Some religious actors play and have played a role in driving globalization for centuries, a fact made more obvious when the economic-centric approach to defining religion has been dismissed. Globalization in the sense of cultures and religion is just another piece of fancy jargon. Religion is definitely the integral part of globalization,thus they should not be studied separately the situation of religion in the world of today is twofold (TWO TRENDS: secularization and conservative offense) The globalization is a reason to integrate the society around the world including the religion … We should note that all religions were global and transnational; they could organize people beyond national boundaries. The "winners" have as much at stake from the possible consequences of social instability as the "losers." It is the perspective of most intellectuals and academics. Globalization Affects Religious Practices and Beliefs Evolving trade routes led to the colonization of the Asia, Africa, Central and South America. Culture is the enactment of norms and values in different communities, and those communities where religion plays a dominant role are dictated by that culture. Now the "East" is in a position to send missionaries to other parts of the world. All countries in the world are pluralistic without choice. Conclusion    Globalization has a great impact on religion. It is argued by some third-world theologians that the bride groom in "The Parable of the Ten Virgins" cannot be Christ because forsaking the "have-nots" is not in Christ's nature. No community on earth can enjoy security, prosperity and satisfaction without their blessings. This is the only way to fight a consumer culture. It has crated a lot of myths which have been uncritically accepted by many. This may be because religions were too slow to respond to human development. Background: The study of religion and globalization This chapter’s approach to religion and globalization starts with an understanding of how the exercise of authority varies in religious contexts and with a firm grasp of the interplay of the erudite and institutional, and the popular, in religious life. Recently an international forum on globalization stated that "it is not the latest phase of human progress but rather an ideology imposed on the world by transnational corporations and their followers in governments and universities" (Jay Walljasper, 1996). Globalization is seen everywhere. Religion thus plays a social role by helping in social causes and successfully gets greater recognition. Today, … But globalization is not a mere economic or political issue. Therefore it is not new. There are three paradigms or perspectives from which one may view the role of religion in the globalization process: (1) the modernist, (2) the post-modernist, and (3) the pre- modernist. We can see today "a conflict between growing centralization and organization of power and wealth in the hands of the few, contrasted to opposing processes exhibiting a fragmentation of power and wealth that is more plural, multiple, and open to contestation than previously" (Douglas Kellner 1997). The world’s religions have been instrumental in shaping virtually all aspects of human experience and human perceptions. The development of “globalization,” can be referred to the big-picture process that involves the process of drawing products, services, and markets around the world closer together. The world has survived grater calamities. According to Merriam Webster, globalization is defined as the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper … Hinduism and Buddhism, which originated on the Indian soil, have spread to almost every country in the world. The biggest Muslim nations are found in Asia. In sum, globalization - measured primarily in terms of economic liberalization and increased In the political field also the initial euphoria for globalization is vanishing. role of religion in society vis-à-vis other systems (political and economic), the role of religion in individual lives (beliefs, practices and values) and the re-assertion of religion in political life. The problems of globalization are of such magnitude that any one nation or institution cannot deal with them effectively. Not only the Soviet Union but other big countries are in the grip of disintegration. The modern missionaries link belief with prosperity. Science, economics, politics and religions should stand together in eliminating these threats and building a new humanity. This may be a form of protest against centralization of power in the hands of the few. “Globalization passes through religions, and religions are within globalization,” he says. With the centuries-long development of what is today a globally extended society, religion came to inform what is today a globally extended religious system consisting primarily … There is an ideological vacuum in people's mind. Against the spreading homogeneity we can see the eruption of "subcultures of resistance that have attempted to preserve specific forms of culture and society against globalization and homogenization" (Douglas Kellner, 1997). Religion thus plays a social role by helping in social causes and successfully gets greater recognition. On the other hand, because globalization allows for daily contact, religion enters a circle of conflict in which religions become “more self-conscious of themselves as being world religions.”[14] This essay argues that the relationship between religion and globalization is complex, one with new possibilities and furthering challenges. They can lead men and women from fantasy to reality, from selfishness to sacrifice, from dehumanization to re-humanization. Here it presents a direct challenge to globalisation. For example, one who is not dressed in a particular brand of world class is considered unblessed and unfashionable. We are really encouraged by the fact that globalization does not go unopposed.
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